{"id":3949,"date":"2026-09-09T10:57:50","date_gmt":"2026-09-09T10:57:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lmiab.se\/?page_id=3949"},"modified":"2026-09-09T11:38:12","modified_gmt":"2026-09-09T11:38:12","slug":"laser-welding-knowledge","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.lmiab.se\/en\/laser-welding-knowledge\/","title":{"rendered":"Laser Welding"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Laser Welding<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Laser welding is a fast and precise method for joining metallic materials, in which a concentrated laser beam is used to melt the material and create a weld joint. The high energy density makes it possible to achieve high welding speeds, narrow weld seams and limited heat input to the surrounding material. Here we explain how laser welding works, which materials and applications the technology is suitable for, the differences between various welding principles, and what is important to consider when selecting a laser welding system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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What is laser welding?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Laser welding is a fusion welding process in which a focused laser beam delivers energy to a very limited area. The material melts locally and forms a molten pool that solidifies into a weld seam as the laser beam moves along the joint.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The concentrated energy input allows the process to produce a narrow weld seam and a relatively small heat-affected zone, HAZ (Heat Affected Zone). This can reduce distortion and the need for post-processing compared with welding processes where heat is distributed over a larger area.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Laser welding can be performed without filler material, known as autogenous welding, or with filler material such as welding wire. The process can be performed manually using a handheld laser welder, automated using linear or multi-axis motion, or integrated into robot- and cobot-based production systems.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

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How does laser welding work?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The process can be described in five basic steps:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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  1. Laser light is generated in the laser source and directed to the welding optics.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. The optics focus the laser beam onto a defined area of the workpiece.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. The laser energy is absorbed by the material and converted into heat.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. The material melts locally and forms a molten pool. At sufficiently high power density, a so-called keyhole can also form.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. As the laser beam moves along the joint, the molten material solidifies behind the beam and forms the weld seam.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    The process is influenced by factors including laser power, welding speed, focal position, beam diameter, material, joint geometry and the possible use of shielding gas and filler material. It is the combination of these parameters \u2013 rather than any single setting \u2013 that determines weld penetration, geometry and quality.<\/p>\n<\/div>

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    Conduction welding and deep penetration welding<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Laser welding can be performed according to two main process principles: conduction welding and deep penetration welding, often referred to as keyhole welding.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Conduction welding \u2013 conduction mode<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    In conduction welding, the power density is sufficient to melt the surface of the material but not to cause significant vaporisation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Heat is conducted from the surface into the material through thermal conduction. The result is normally a relatively wide and shallow weld seam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Conduction welding is primarily used when:<\/p>\n\n\n\n